Bronchoscopy

A bronchoscopy is a procedure in which a patient's airways are examined. The larynx (voice box), trachea (wind pipe) and bronchii (smaller wind pipes within the lungs) are all observed as the patient breathes in and out. This technique is done in an exam room at a hospital or specialized clinic. It usually lasts about 30 minutes, but including prep time and recovery, it can take approximately 4 hours. Eating or drinking before the procedure is not allowed. 

Medicine is usually administered via IV or by mouth to make you relaxed and sleepy.The anesthesiologist may administer a numbing medicine (lidocaine) through the bronchoscope to numb the larynx, trachea and bronchii.

The procedure is recorded with a flexible, fiber optic bronchoscope, which has a light and small camera. A bronchoscope is a soft tube no larger than 1/4'' in diameter. It can be passed through the nose or throat.

During the procedure, your doctor may take a sample of lung fluid or tissue for further testing. The following methods can be used to obtain a lung tissue sample:

• Bronchoalveolar lavage- A small amount of saline solution (salt water) is administered through the bronchoscope and into part of your lung. The salt water is then suctioned out. The fluid picks up cells and bacteria from the airway, which your will be reviewed.
• Transbronchial needle aspiration- A needle is inserted into the bronchoscope and removes cells from the lymph nodes in your lungs. These nodes are small, bean-shaped masses. They trap bacteria and cancer cells and help fight infections.
• Transbronchial lung biopsy- Forceps are entered into the bronchoscope and a small tissue sample from inside the lung is taken.

During the procedure, oxygen levels will be observed to ensure enough air is getting to the lungs. If the levels decrease, oxygen will be given.

Side effects of the procedure are generally minimal. They may include soreness of the throat, fever, hoarseness, cough or wheezing. To prevent/minimize the side effects, anti-inflammatories may be prescribed by the performing physician. 

Tips:

• Inform the physician if there have been any changes in the patient's condition- fever, worsening cough,hemoptysis, etc.
• Bring the a detailed list of medications including dosages, list of allergies

Resource